教你如何抓住英國(guó)文書(shū)寫(xiě)作精髓

不管是申請(qǐng)美國(guó)留學(xué)還是英國(guó)留學(xué)，文書(shū)寫(xiě)作是你怎么繞都繞不開(kāi)的一道坎兒，好不容易拿到了理想的“高考”（a-level）成績(jī)，還沒(méi)來(lái)得及松口氣，個(gè)人陳述信（Personal Statement，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)PS）又橫在了你的面前。

沒(méi)辦法，為了能和理想的院校“談戀愛(ài)”，這個(gè)骨頭必須得啃下來(lái)！但是，不要以為英國(guó)文書(shū)數(shù)量少你就掉以輕心，要知道，有多少和你一樣優(yōu)秀的人在追逐你的理想院校，稍微疏忽就極有可能失敗！不過(guò)，只要你準(zhǔn)備充分，掌握文書(shū)寫(xiě)作精髓，你的Mr.高校還不是被輕松收入囊中！

不管是G5超級(jí)精英院校還是紅磚院校，對(duì)于文書(shū)的總體寫(xiě)作要求像是商量好似的基本相似，招生官都迫切的想從你的文書(shū)中知道你是否有具備足夠的能力和熱情學(xué)習(xí)課程，是否是學(xué)校的合適人選。這點(diǎn)從院校對(duì)留學(xué)文書(shū)寫(xiě)作要求就可以看出來(lái)：

帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院（IC）對(duì)文書(shū)的內(nèi)容要求

The supporting statement should outline:

☆ the motivations for applying for the programme

☆relevant academic and professional experience to date

☆ interests

☆ future career aspirations

☆ as well as the ability to gain from and contribute to the College community.

倫敦政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院（LSE）的文書(shū)要求

In your statement(s), you may wish to discuss the following:

☆Motivation for undertaking the programme(s)

☆A(yù)cademic interests, strengths and background relevant to the programme(s)

☆A(yù)reas of specific interest within the programme(s)

☆A(yù)cademic ambitions and/or research interests related to the programme(s)

☆A(yù)ny professional aspirations, and how academic work within the programme(s) might help you realise such aspirations

☆Other relevant information, such as additional reading or research, work or other relevant experience that has informed your decision to apply for the particular programme(s)

因此，你的文書(shū)寫(xiě)作要重點(diǎn)圍繞學(xué)術(shù)來(lái)寫(xiě)，這是因?yàn)橛?guó)的課業(yè)課程很緊，課程壓力很大。如果你的學(xué)術(shù)不達(dá)標(biāo)，很容易讀不懂，耽誤學(xué)業(yè)。所以你要在文書(shū)中清晰的傳達(dá)出你有足夠的能力學(xué)習(xí)課程，對(duì)申請(qǐng)學(xué)科和專(zhuān)業(yè)十分熱愛(ài)、并表達(dá)已經(jīng)對(duì)所申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)業(yè)進(jìn)行過(guò)深入的研究。

所以，大家可以從以下幾大方面進(jìn)行敘述。

1．興趣愛(ài)好：你對(duì)哪個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)感興趣？你為什么對(duì)這個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)感興趣？

是剛剛被圈的粉，還是長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的夢(mèng)想？你是否是因?yàn)樽x了哪一篇文章，哪一本書(shū)，還是這個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)能助你走向你未來(lái)想追求的事業(yè)？你總要說(shuō)出它在哪一點(diǎn)上吸引了你。

2．學(xué)術(shù)準(zhǔn)備：你為了申請(qǐng)做了哪些學(xué)術(shù)方面的準(zhǔn)備？

你有沒(méi)有為了得到你心儀的學(xué)校或?qū)I(yè)的注意力，特意有過(guò)什么經(jīng)歷，或是培養(yǎng)了自己哪方面的能力？你有沒(méi)有在學(xué)校幫助過(guò)同學(xué)，在你感興趣的領(lǐng)域當(dāng)過(guò)志愿者，或是付出過(guò)其他什么勞動(dòng)？“最好的個(gè)人陳述信，肯定能讓閱讀者感受到你對(duì)這門(mén)專(zhuān)業(yè)的熱情——你認(rèn)真研究過(guò)了，在課外的時(shí)間里也為這個(gè)領(lǐng)域投入了精力，培養(yǎng)了自己的能力，而不僅僅關(guān)注學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)。”

3．課外實(shí)踐：你參與了哪些課外活動(dòng)？有哪些收獲和成長(zhǎng)？

你參加過(guò)的社團(tuán)，學(xué)校以外的興趣俱樂(lè)部，夏令營(yíng)，你讀過(guò)的關(guān)于這個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)的文章或者書(shū)……找出那些讓你印象深刻，或者思如泉涌的例子來(lái)。

4．未來(lái)規(guī)劃：你對(duì)未來(lái)的學(xué)業(yè)、職業(yè)、人生有哪些規(guī)劃？

每個(gè)學(xué)校的招生官都希望招聘到的人是一個(gè)對(duì)自己未來(lái)有清晰規(guī)劃的學(xué)生，而不只是一個(gè)生活在象牙塔里面，對(duì)外面的世界充耳不聞的書(shū)呆子，一個(gè)好的職業(yè)規(guī)劃也可以從側(cè)面反映一對(duì)所申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)業(yè)的理解深度。

英國(guó)文書(shū)重視學(xué)術(shù)，那課外活動(dòng)就不重要了嗎？當(dāng)然不是！

為了增加申請(qǐng)留學(xué)的砝碼，想必除了學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)校課程，課外活動(dòng)你也參加了不少。參加學(xué)科競(jìng)賽、當(dāng)志愿者，閱讀大量課外書(shū)籍、去公司進(jìn)行實(shí)習(xí)，甚至為了某些學(xué)術(shù)興趣參加了summer school科研課程等等。難道這些在申請(qǐng)英國(guó)留學(xué)中不能用嗎？

這些當(dāng)然有用，只不過(guò)需要你會(huì)篩選，會(huì)甄別，要有選擇的運(yùn)用。冷靜下來(lái)，將自己做過(guò)的活動(dòng)進(jìn)行列表分析，找出那些對(duì)你申請(qǐng)課程及提升學(xué)術(shù)有幫助的活動(dòng)，然后細(xì)致、多角度的闡釋這對(duì)你學(xué)術(shù)提升帶來(lái)了哪些具體幫助，介紹活動(dòng)給你帶來(lái)的成長(zhǎng)，但是切記，這部分內(nèi)容不要超過(guò)文書(shū)的20%篇幅。

這里有一篇關(guān)于申請(qǐng)工程的優(yōu)秀文書(shū)，看看作者是如何以學(xué)術(shù)為中心將課程和課外活動(dòng)展現(xiàn)在文書(shū)中的，供你思考借鑒：

● 工程文書(shū)

The art of engineering is applying scientific theories to design. The fundamental principles that are applied to products and structures are paramount and by studying engineering I am hoping to learn how engineers use these principles and then integrate them into designs. A design that has inspired me is the Falkirk wheel boat lift as it shows how solutions to engineering problems can be imaginative and iconic.

Engineering will allow me to see how principles are applied to design. This was highlighted in a lecture I attended on the mechanics of roller coasters. I was fascinated to learn about some of the design constraints which were applied to balance speed with safety. For example, if a bend is too tight then excessive g-force would cause participants to blackout.

I then applied the idea of using maths in order to ensure the safety of Formula 1 drivers. I used this to assist in preparing and delivering of a number of workshops run at my school for local primary school children, one of which involved the design of Formula 1 cars and calculating the speed at which they can be safely driven and the chance of them crashing.

Attending a Headstart course at Swansea University showed me how the theory that is learnt in the lecture theatres can be easily transferred to a practical application in the labs. A particular highlight was the civil engineering task where we designed and built an inflatable structure with a team.

This is an area of engineering that I am looking forward to studying as there were many different solutions suggested to solve the same problem. This course was a useful experience as it allowed me to see the different teaching styles at university by attending lectures and doing lab work. I found this enjoyable because of its hands on nature.

I have already started to further my knowledge by reading "How Things Work: The Physics of Everyday Life" by Louis A. Bloomfield, and I have enjoyed learning the basic theory behind wings creating lift by creating a difference in pressure.

I am very much looking forward to studying this area in greater detail. I have also read "Invention by Design: How Engineers Get from Thought to Thing" by Henry Petroski which has shown me that to an engineer, every design can be improved upon and it is this potential to improve and progress things via engineering which strongly appeals to me.

Outside the classroom I have taken part in the UKMT individual maths challenges where I have achieved 3 gold awards, twice scoring highest in my year. This resulted in me representing my school in a team maths challenge. Additionally I have attended events run by the Gifted and Talented Program including a week long summer school and lectures to help further my maths knowledge.

My main hobby is mountain biking and I have been riding regularly for 4 years. During this time I have had to carry out a lot of maintenance on my bike which has led to my interest in how they work and all the aspects of bike development. For example carbon fibre is replacing aluminum as the material of choice for most components due to its ability to improve strength while reducing weight. This interest has led me to taking a course on advanced mountain bike maintenance in November.

I have taken part in many activities that have helped to build my teamwork, leadership and time management skills. I finished the Duke of Edinburgh Bronze Award where strong teamwork is essential in order to succeed, especially at the expedition.

I have also represented my year on the school council where I had to demonstrate good time management and organisation skills which I used when I helped to organize an event to help other schools improve their councils. I have played cricket for my school and local team which has taught me to cope well with pressure.

I believe that I have the academic ability, interest and personal attributes that are well suited to studying engineering at university and to pursue a career in this field.

首段開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，直接表明我學(xué)工程的目的及為什么喜歡工程。通過(guò)研究工程技術(shù)，我希望了解工程師如何使用這些原理，然后將其集成到設(shè)計(jì)中。我從福爾柯克輪船升降機(jī)受到了啟發(fā)，它展示了解決工程問(wèn)題的方法如何富有想象力和標(biāo)志性。

接著作者在講座中得到有關(guān)工程的啟發(fā)，然后自己嘗試運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)去保證F-1賽車(chē)手的安全，參加相關(guān)的幫助小學(xué)生的workshop。為了更深入了解有關(guān)土木工程的知識(shí)，參加斯旺西大學(xué)的入門(mén)課程，完成土木工程的相關(guān)任務(wù)。這個(gè)經(jīng)歷對(duì)作者未來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了深刻影響；在課外閱讀中閱讀了Louis A. Bloomfield撰寫(xiě)的“事物如何工作：通過(guò)日常生活的物理學(xué)”進(jìn)一步提高了“我”的知識(shí)；亨利·彼得斯基（Henry Petroski）的“設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)明：工程師從思想到事物的方式”，體會(huì)到了工程設(shè)計(jì)的魅力。

此外，在課外還參加數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽和Gifted and Talented Program項(xiàng)目，這些經(jīng)歷對(duì)”我”進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)有很大啟發(fā)；山地自行車(chē)的興趣及自己動(dòng)手修車(chē)的愛(ài)好，引起了“我”對(duì)自行車(chē)工作方式以及自行車(chē)開(kāi)發(fā)各個(gè)方面的興趣，并參加了高級(jí)山地車(chē)維護(hù)課程。

與申請(qǐng)課程相關(guān)性很小的活動(dòng)作者一筆帶過(guò)，最后作者對(duì)自己的能力有足夠信心并已為未來(lái)大學(xué)生活做好了準(zhǔn)備。

說(shuō)到這里，你的文書(shū)基本完成了，還有一些細(xì)節(jié)是需要你注意的。細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗這可不是空穴來(lái)風(fēng)，文書(shū)寫(xiě)完后，你需要注意：

1.不要在文書(shū)中提及你申請(qǐng)的任何一所大學(xué)。否則，你讓其他大學(xué)情何以堪？

2.申請(qǐng)文書(shū)有字?jǐn)?shù)要求：4000個(gè)字符或者47行，包括空格和空行，約500-700 words。一定要看清楚申請(qǐng)?jiān)盒５淖謹(jǐn)?shù)要求，否則多余字符會(huì)被看不到。

3.一定不要抄襲，也不要讓別人抄。告訴你一個(gè)不是秘密的秘密，UCAS系統(tǒng)是自備文書(shū)查重功能的呦，而且速度超級(jí)快，一旦抄襲，被查出的概率那是相當(dāng)?shù)拇蟆?/span>

4.多次檢查，檢查、檢查。在完成文書(shū)寫(xiě)作后要多次仔細(xì)檢查，確保沒(méi)有低級(jí)拼寫(xiě)、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。聽(tīng)起來(lái)是陳詞濫調(diào)，但有不少同學(xué)都在這里吃了虧。建議，最好找native speaker，原因你懂得！