大家即將要面對的海外大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)寫作跟雅思寫作到底有什么不同呢？你需要用哪種英語思維去學(xué)習(xí)？今天我們就來分享一下。
文章體裁
雅思：要求學(xué)生根據(jù)給出的題目或者指引來進行寫作，類別相信大家都很熟悉，advantage & disadvantage, discussion, agree or disagree, cause & effect, problem & solution 和 compare & contrast，雖然分類多但體裁跟essay相似。
學(xué)術(shù)寫作：寫作類型很豐富，最常見就是essays, 其他類型包括literature reviews, experimental reports, case studies, research reports, research proposals, summaries, exercise, 和short answer。
論據(jù)來源
雅思：所有雅思寫作都基于“已存在知識”或者常識，這意味著所有都要求學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的想法，觀點和大眾常識進行寫作。
學(xué)術(shù)寫作：根據(jù)學(xué)科的不同，大部分的學(xué)術(shù)寫作的數(shù)據(jù)來源都是secondary sources，就是通過查閱書籍，論文以及各類其他可信賴資料來源獲得證據(jù)或者是數(shù)據(jù)，而且一定要注意做好文獻引用，否則會被認(rèn)為是學(xué)術(shù)剽竊。關(guān)于secondary sources引用方法， 大家可以參考：http://www.baydue.com/news/writingskills/535.html
題目重點
雅思：幾乎所有題目都比較恢宏，在大家心中已經(jīng)有一個相對固定的答案，social responsibilities, the government, wealthy nations, scientists, parents是雅思大作文題目的?？?，學(xué)生基本都是以第一人稱在進行寫作
學(xué)術(shù)寫作：大部分要求學(xué)生需要尋找依據(jù)客觀辯證，也有一部分是非既定事實論證～為了增加文章的客觀性，學(xué)術(shù)寫作一般都是使用第三人稱。
看到這里，大家是不是有點了解為啥雅思寫作能拿7分的人并不一定能把大學(xué)作業(yè)或者論文寫好的原因呢？
另外再給大家分析一下雅思寫作和學(xué)術(shù)寫作在遣詞用句上有什么差異～
正如上面說的，在學(xué)術(shù)寫作里，使用人稱代詞（us, I）是非正式用法，只能在特定情況下使用，我們可以通過使用被動語態(tài)來避免習(xí)慣性地使用第一人稱。學(xué)術(shù)寫作對單詞選擇和措辭要求也比較高，雅思寫作9分可以等同于大學(xué)寫作水平。舉個例子，我們會經(jīng)常在科學(xué)類的學(xué)術(shù)論文里面看到major factor這個名詞，相比起great和good，overwhelming是一個更加適合與之搭配的形容詞。‘It is often said…’是我們經(jīng)常在雅思寫作中用到的開場白，在學(xué)術(shù)寫作中，更多用到的是In the most recent decades…’ and ‘This essay will examine…’.
具體例子
IELTS Band 9
It is undeniable that the Internet has led to a dramatic expansion in the number of choices that are available to us. The number of online media options, for instance, is now almost endless. There are countless websites offering entertainment, news, videos, on-demand TV and music streaming, many of which are free. I would argue that this abundance of media leads to confusion on the part of the average user, as we have to make so many decisions about the content that we consume. A personal example of this trend would be the fact that I had a choice of just four TV channels when I was a child, whereas I now have access to thousands of films and series through services like Netflix.
University level
It is undeniable that the Internet has led to a dramatic expansion in the number of choices that are available. The number of online media options, for instance, is now almost endless. There are countless websites offering entertainment, news, videos, on-demand TV and music streaming, many of which are free. There is evidence which suggests that this abundance of media leads to confusion on the part of the average user, as it necessary for users to make so many decisions about what to consume. Hollingworth (2002) provides statistics which show that Netflix users now spends fifteen minutes on average choosing what to watch. This is in contrast to the situation in the UK thirty years ago, when there were just four TV channels.
兩段寫作的具體比較：
1、再次強調(diào)，學(xué)術(shù)寫作不應(yīng)該使用人稱代詞，所以‘I would argue…’ 換成了‘There is evidence…’，目前是引入主要的論點。
2、上文提到了雅思寫作9分可以等同于大學(xué)寫作水平，這一段用的詞匯都是大家可以參考的用法。
3、兩段寫作結(jié)構(gòu)最顯著的區(qū)別是，學(xué)術(shù)寫作引用了研究來支持其論點。學(xué)術(shù)寫作的主要特征之一，是作者對其他學(xué)者和研究人員的思想和研究進行評估和評論。
4、同樣的，個人經(jīng)歷是不適合用于學(xué)術(shù)寫作中的，應(yīng)該替換成更大眾的例子或者事實。
