因果關(guān)系,有因才有果,因和果是共存的,因此任何表示“因”或“果”的詞都會形成一個因果邏輯,經(jīng)常以“A導致B”對應(yīng)“B反應(yīng)出A”或“B的出現(xiàn)是因為A”的形式來出題。
常見的表達式有:
原因:because,due to ,originate from……
結(jié)果:result in,lead to, therefore, contribute to, breed ,generate…等…我們眼神兒要好,反應(yīng)要快,迅速把這些小學水平的詞匯聯(lián)系起來。
我們來看一個劍10 test4中的判斷題:
原文:
But if silent genes degrade within 6 to 10 million years, how can long-lost traits be reactivated? The answer may lie in the womb. Early embryos of many species develop ancestral features. Later in development these features disappear thanks to developmental program. If for any reason this does not happen, the ancestral feature may not disappear, leading to evolutionary throwbacks.
題目:Evolutionary throwbacks might be caused by developmental problems in the womb.
這道題目的定位詞很容易劃出來womb,evolutionary throwbacks專有名詞的原詞重現(xiàn),但這時會發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中有大量的詞不認識,womb,long-lost traits ,embryos……生物類的文章,有些專有名詞不認識也屬正常,想翻譯出句子再來做題就有些困難了,但好在這道題原文題目中存在因果關(guān)系,關(guān)鍵是你能不能發(fā)現(xiàn)它。
原文說:答案在womb里……thanks to(表示因,意思同because)developmental program……, if not…,not…雙重否定表肯定,leading to(表示果) evolutionary throwbacks,
也就是說,因為developmental program,導致了evolutionary throwbacks。題目意思比較好理解,evolutionary throwbacks是因為developmental problems。因此這道題目,選True。
因果邏輯覆蓋各個題型,除了剛才的判斷題,接下來我們看一道填空題。
原文:
Half the world's 6800 languages are likely to vanish within two generations…省略一百字…Isolation breeds linguistic diversity: as a result, the world is peppered with languages spoken by only a few people.
題目:There are currently approximately 6800 languages in the world. This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical _____ .
先根據(jù)6800,定位到大概段落。接下來我們需要從空格貼身詞匯找起,很多同學會定位geographical,常規(guī)做法是可以定位空前形容詞的,但只通過一個詞來定位畢竟不穩(wěn),我建議大家可以每題劃出兩組定位詞,兩點確定一條直線,多點定位才更穩(wěn)。我們繼續(xù)從空格往前找,會發(fā)現(xiàn)variety of languages語言多樣性,但這篇文章主題是語言,因此這組詞會在文中多次出現(xiàn)。這題的關(guān)鍵在于as a result of geographical _____,讓我們填寫一個原因。我們可以看到原文中的as a result, 我們應(yīng)該都知道這兩個詞組的區(qū)別,as a result,后面跟結(jié)果,因此我們應(yīng)該往前尋找答案。前面會看到Isolation breeds linguistic diversity,句子中依舊有一個表示因果邏輯的詞匯,breed??赡芎芏嗤瑢W只知道“繁殖”“喂養(yǎng)”的意思,其實這個詞的根本含義是“導致”的意思,靠死記硬背所謂的熟詞辟義恐怕很難解決詞義理解問題,這在我們各個班型課上會詳細講解?;氐筋}目,原因?qū)е陆Y(jié)果,因此表示“原因”的答案只剩唯一詞,isolation“地理隔離”。我們可以根據(jù)題目中的另一組替換詞linguistic diversity對應(yīng)variety of languages進一步確認答案。
我們再來看一道選擇題,在單選題目中,除了細節(jié)的替換,最常考查的就是題干與選項間的因果邏輯,這是劍6 test4中的題目,
原文:
Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. “There is no bullying at this school” has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying, “there is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it
題目:The writer thinks that the declaration “there is no bullying at this school”
A. is no longer true in many schools
B. was not in fact made by many schools
C. reflected the school’s lack of concern
D. reflected a lack of knowledge and resources.
單選題通常很好定位,但是卻總是選不對。根據(jù)引號內(nèi)容定位回原文后,多數(shù)同學什么都沒想,直接開始往下找,那永遠也找不到正確答案了。我們來分析一下題目,題目問我們引號內(nèi)容說明了什么,我們回到原文會看到“as a consequence,” 意思同“as a result,”,原文寫道:句子1,and句子2,導致了題干問的“there is no bullying at this school”,引號內(nèi)容自然是反應(yīng)出了句子1,and句子2,因此選擇D。如果能看出這一組對應(yīng)的因果邏輯,這個題目就不會找錯了方向。如果有足夠的單詞量,我們可以用替換詞驗證一下答案,not much was known對應(yīng)lack of knowledge,little help(沒什么可用來幫助的)對應(yīng)lack of resources,我們更加可以確定是答案D。
至于另三個選項為什么錯,我們在這里就不多講了,關(guān)注我們的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,以后會有講解。
以上三道題目都是錯誤率比較高的題目,通過邏輯詞+替換詞來分析,好像也并不是那么難。我們要做的就是了解出題的套路,剩下的就是背下基礎(chǔ)詞匯,并列練好眼神兒能找到它們。
希望同學們多多努力,早日考出成績