來自前考官Simon Corcoran（ielts-simon.com）的大作文破題思路和詞匯表達一直都是十分重要的備考資料之一。
01
Advertising
Positives of Advertising
Advertising is a key part of modern business.
Companies need to tell customers about their products.
Advertisements inform us about the choices we have.
Advertising is a creative industry that employs many people.
Without advertising, we would have less choice.
Without advertising, there would be higher unemployment.
Advertising is a form of modern art.
People enjoy adverts.
廣告是現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的重要組成部分。
公司需要告訴客戶他們的產(chǎn)品。
廣告告訴我們有關(guān)我們的選擇。
廣告是一個有很多人的創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)。
沒有廣告，我們會有更少的選擇。
沒有廣告，就會有更高的失業(yè)率。
廣告是現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的一種形式。
人們喜歡廣告。
Negatives of Advertising
Advertising manipulates people.
It aims to persuade people that buying a product will make them happier.
Advertisers focus on selling a brand image.
They use glamorous, successful people.
We now live in a consumer culture.
We are persuaded to follow the latest trends.
We are encouraged to associate certain brands with a higher status.
Advertisers often aim their marketing at children.
Children can easily be influenced by advertisements.
Children put pressure on parents to buy them things.
廣告操縱人。
它旨在說服人們購買產(chǎn)品將使他們更快樂。
廣告主專注于銷售品牌形象。
他們使用迷人，成功的人。
我們現(xiàn)在生活在消費文化中。
我們被說服遵循最新趨勢。
我們鼓勵將某些品牌與更高的地位聯(lián)系起來。
廣告商通常將他們的營銷瞄準兒童。
兒童很容易受到廣告的影響。
孩子們給父母壓力買東西。
Opinions about Advertising
Advertising should be regulated.
Advertising aimed at children should be controlled or even banned.
Unhealthy foods should not be marketed in a way that attracts children.
Products that can be a risk to health should display warnings.
In some countries, it is illegal to advertise cigarettes on television.
Warnings must be displayed on cigarette packets.
However, advertising is necessary for free market economies.
It creates demand for products.
Governments should only censor false information or products that are harmful.
廣告應受到監(jiān)管。
針對兒童的廣告應該受到控制或甚至被禁止。
不健康的食物不應該以吸引兒童的方式銷售。
可能危害健康的產(chǎn)品應顯示警告。
在一些國家，在電視上廣告香煙是非法的。
煙包上必須顯示警告。
然而，在自由市場經(jīng)濟中廣告是必要的。
它創(chuàng)造了對產(chǎn)品的需求。
政府只應審查有害的虛假信息或產(chǎn)品。
02
Animal Rights
Arguments for Animal Testing
Animals are used in important scientific research.
It is necessary to do medical tests on new drugs.
Animal testing helps to advance medical and scientific knowledge.
Many important medical discoveriesinvolved experimentation on animals.
Researchers aim to minimize the suffering that animals experience.
Testing for the cosmetics industry is now banned in many countries.
動物被用于重要的科學研究。
對新藥進行醫(yī)學檢驗是必要的。
動物試驗有助于提高醫(yī)學和科學知識。
許多重要的醫(yī)學發(fā)現(xiàn)涉及動物實驗。
研究人員的目標是盡量減少動物經(jīng)歷的痛苦。
化妝品行業(yè)的測試現(xiàn)在被禁止在許多國家。
Arguments against Animal Testing
The benefits of research using animals do not justify the suffering caused.
There are alternative methods of research.
The lives of animals should be respected.
Humans have no moral right to do experiments on animals.
使用動物的研究的好處不證明造成的痛苦。
還有其他的研究方法。
動物的生活應該受到尊重。
人類沒有做動物實驗的道德權(quán)利。
Arguments for Vegetarianism
Vegetarians do not eat foods that are produced by killing animals.
Many people choose a vegetarian diet for moral or health reasons.
A healthy diet is possible without eating meat.
It is unnecessary to kill animals for food.
A vegetarian diet may reduce the risk of diseases like cancer.
Many people question the treatment of animals in factory farms.
素食者不吃由動物殺死的食物。
許多人出于道德或健康原因選擇素食。
健康飲食不吃肉是可能的。
沒有必要宰殺動物作食物。
素食可以降低患癌癥等疾病的風險。
許多人質(zhì)疑工廠農(nóng)場里動物的待遇。
Arguments against Vegetarianism
Vegetarians do not eat a balanced diet.
In many cultures, meat is the main ingredient in traditional meals.
Meat-eaters argue that animals are below humans in the food chain.
It is completely natural for us to kill them for food.
Our aim should be to improve farming methods.
Farms should produce organic food.
素食者不均衡飲食。
在許多文化中，肉是傳統(tǒng)食物的主要成分。
肉食者認為動物在食物鏈中低于人類。
這是完全自然的，我們殺死他們的食物。
我們的目標應該是改善耕作方法。
農(nóng)場應該生產(chǎn)有機食品。
Positives of Zoos
Zoos play an important role in wildlife conservation.
They can help to protect endangered species.
Zoos allow scientists to study animals and their behaviour.
Zoos are educational, interesting and fun.
Children, in particular, enjoy learning about animals.
Zoos provide job opportunities.
動物園在野生動物保護中扮演重要角色。
他們可以幫助保護瀕危物種。
動物園允許科學家研究動物及其行為。
動物園是教育的，有趣的和有趣的。
孩子們特別喜歡學習動物。
動物園提供就業(yè)機會。
Negatives of Zoos
Zoo animals are kept in artificial environments.
They are kept in cages or have limited space.
Zoo animals rely on humans.
They lose the freedom to hunt for food.
The best way to save endangered species is by protecting natural habitats.
Some people believe that zoos are unethical.
Zoos exhibit animals with the aim of making money.
We have no right to use animals for entertainment and profit.
動物園動物被保存在人工環(huán)境中。
他們被關(guān)在籠子里或空間有限。
動物園動物依賴人類。
他們失去了尋找食物的自由。
拯救瀕危物種的最好辦法是保護自然棲息地。
有些人認為動物園是不道德的。
動物園展示動物的目的是賺錢。
我們無權(quán)使用動物來娛樂和賺錢。
等等，看到這里還是感覺沒有頭緒？或許你需要一些指點，這里就有一個機會給你。
傳遞門→→托福備考還在刷TPO？你OUT了！
03
Cities
Reasons for Urbanisation
People move to cities in search of job opportunities.
Cities offer greater employment possibilities and a higher standard of living.
People migrate to cities from the countryside.
Traditional activities like farming need fewer workers nowadays.
人們搬到城市尋找工作機會。
城市提供更多的就業(yè)機會和更高的生活水平。
人們從鄉(xiāng)村遷移到城市。
像農(nóng)業(yè)這樣的傳統(tǒng)活動現(xiàn)在需要更少的工人。
Negatives of City Life
Life in cities has its drawbacks.
The cost of living is higher than in rural areas.
Some people do not manage to find work.
Housing is usually much more expensive.
Homelessness and poverty are common in cities.
There is a gap between the rich and poor.
Life in cities can be extremely stressful.
There are problems like traffic congestion and crime.
Cities lack a sense of community.
People do not even know their neighbours.
Cities are sometimes described as“concrete jungles”.
城市中的生活有其缺點。
生活成本高于農(nóng)村地區(qū)。
有些人沒有找到工作。
住房通常更貴。
無家可歸和貧窮在城市中很常見。
貧富之間有差距。
城市中的生活可能非常緊張。
有交通堵塞和犯罪等問題。
城市缺乏社區(qū)意識。
人們甚至不知道他們的鄰居。
城市有時被稱為“混凝土叢林”。
Pedestrian Areas
Pedestrian zones in city centres canimprove the local environment.
Banning cars encourages people to walk or cycle.
Many European cities have built bicycle lanes.
Dependence on cars is linked to health problems like obesity.
People who walk or cycle regularly are generally healthier.
Pedestrian areas are safer and more attractive for both residents and tourists.
城市中心的行人區(qū)可以改善當?shù)丨h(huán)境。
禁止汽車鼓勵人們步行或騎自行車。
許多歐洲城市建立了自行車道。
對汽車的依賴與健康問題如肥胖有關(guān)。
經(jīng)常行走或騎自行車的人通常更健康。
行人區(qū)更安全，對居民和游客更有吸引力。
04
Crime
Police and Crime Prevention
The job of the police is to catch criminals.
They must also prevent crime and make communities safer.
There should be an increase in the number of police officers on the streets.
Police officers should be seen as part of the community.
They should be involved with education and prevention.
The police should be in close contact with schools.
They should focus on young people who have dropped out of school.
These teenagers may become involved with gangs.
警察的工作是抓捕罪犯。
他們還必須預防犯罪和使社區(qū)更安全。
街上警察的人數(shù)應該增加。
警務人員應被視為社區(qū)的一部分。
他們應該參與教育和預防。
警察應該與學校保持密切聯(lián)系。
他們應該關(guān)注輟學的年輕人。
這些青少年可能會參與幫派。
Punishments/ Prisons
Fines are used as punishment forminor crimes.
If the crime is more serious, prison is the most common punishment.
Some criminals pose a threat to society.
They are put in prison to ensure the safety of other citizens.
罰款用于輕罪的懲罰。
如果犯罪更嚴重，監(jiān)獄是最常見的懲罰。
一些罪犯對社會構(gòu)成威脅。
他們被關(guān)進監(jiān)獄，以確保其他公民的安全。
Negatives of Prisons
Criminals are put together.
They make friends with other offenders.
Many prisoners re-offend when they are released.
A criminal record makes finding a job more difficult.
罪犯被放在一起。
他們與其他罪犯交朋友。
許多囚犯獲釋時都會受到冒犯。
犯罪記錄使找工作更加困難。
Rehabilitation
Another aim of prisons is rehabilitation.
Prisoners receive education or vocational training.
Prisoners should learn personal skills and specific job skills.
Punishment could make prisoners behaviour worse.
Rehabilitation aims to make them better citizens.
Rehabilitated prisoners are less likely to re-offend.
監(jiān)獄的另一個目標是康復。
囚犯接受教育或職業(yè)訓練。
犯人應學會個人技能和具體工作技能。
懲罰可能使囚犯的行為更糟。
康復的目的是使他們更好的公民。
改過自新的犯人不太可能再犯。
Capital Punishment
Supporters say that capital punishment deters crime.
Fear of the death penalty stops people from committing offences.
The death penalty shows that crime is not tolerated.
It is a form of revenge.
The cost of imprisonment is avoided.
The offender cannot pose a threat to others.
支持者說，死刑阻止犯罪。
害怕死刑會阻止人們犯罪。
死刑表明，不容忍犯罪。
這是一種復仇的形式。
避免監(jiān)禁的費用。
罪犯不能對他人構(gòu)成威脅。
Against capital punishment
Innocent people could be wrongly convicted and executed.
Crime rates are not necessarily reduced.
Many criminals do not think they will be caught.
Capital punishment is not a good deterrent.
Executing prisoners creates a violent culture and encourages revenge.
We have no right to take another human life.
無辜的人可能被錯誤地定罪和處決。
犯罪率不一定會降低。
許多罪犯不認為他們會被抓住。
死刑不是一個很好的威懾。
執(zhí)行囚犯創(chuàng)造了暴力文化，鼓勵報復。
我們沒有權(quán)利奪取另一個人的生命。
Community Service
Community service is a way to reform offenders.
It could be a solution to prison overcrowding.
It avoids the cost of imprisonment.
It makes offenders useful in their local communities.
They are required to clean streets or talk to school groups.
Offenders repay their community.
They avoid the negative influence that prison can have.
社區(qū)服務是改革罪犯的一種方式。
這可能是解決監(jiān)獄人滿為患的問題。
它避免了監(jiān)禁的費用。
它使罪犯在他們的當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)有用。
他們需要清理街道或與學校團體交談。
罪犯償還他們的社區(qū)。
他們避免了監(jiān)獄可能產(chǎn)生的負面影響。
Against Community Service
Community service is not a sufficient punishment.
Criminals should be locked up, away from their victims.
社區(qū)服務不是一個充分的懲罰。
罪犯應該被鎖上，遠離他們的受害者。
Crime in the Media
Crime is one of the main subjects of most news programmes.
The mass media focus on violent and sensational crimes.
This leads to fear of crime among the public.
Sensational stories attract more viewers or readers.
The media report crime stories in order to increase their audience.
犯罪是大多數(shù)新聞節(jié)目的主要議題之一。
大眾媒體關(guān)注暴力和聳人聽聞的犯罪。
這導致公眾對犯罪的恐懼。
煽情的故事吸引更多觀眾或讀者。
媒體報道犯罪故事，以增加他們的觀眾。
05
Education
Benefits of Education
Education gives people knowledge and skills.
People with qualifications are more likely to find work.
They can earn a higher salary.
They can contribute positively to society.
Schools aim to teach young people moral values such as tolerance and sharing.
Schools prepare children to be members of a society.
教育為人們提供知識和技能。
有資格的人更有可能找到工作。
他們可以賺更高的薪水。
他們可以對社會作出積極貢獻。
學校旨在教導年輕人的道德價值觀，如寬容和分享。
學校準備孩子成為一個社會的成員。
Benefits of Studying Abroad
Foreign institutions may offer better courses.
Many students want to attend a prestigious university.
The best universities employ teachers who are experts in their fields.
Qualifications gained abroad can open the door to better job opportunities.
Living abroad can broaden students’horizons.
Overseas students are exposed to different cultures and customs.
They become more independent.
They are responsible for cooking, cleaning and paying bills.
They will learn a foreign language.
外國機構(gòu)可能提供更好的課程。
許多學生想要參加一個著名的大學。
最好的大學雇用在他們的領(lǐng)域的專家的教師。
在國外獲得的資格可以打開更好的工作機會的大門。
生活在國外可以拓寬學生的視野。
海外學生面臨不同的文化和習俗。
他們變得更加獨立。
他們負責烹飪，清潔和支付帳單。
他們將學習外語。
Drawbacks of Studying Abroad
Living and studying abroad can be difficult.
Students have problems with paperwork such as visa applications.
The language barrier can be a problem.
Students have to find accommodation and pay bills.
Studying in a foreign language is challenging.
Living alone in an unfamiliar culture can cause homesickness.
在國外生活和學習可能很困難。
學生有文書工作的問題，如簽證申請。
語言障礙可能是一個問題。
學生必須找到住宿和支付帳單。
在外語學習是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。
獨自生活在不熟悉的文化中會導致思鄉(xiāng)病。
Technology in Education: Advantages
Technology is a powerful tool to engage students.
Technology can make lessons much more interesting.
Students can do research using online resources.
Students can study at their own pace.
Adults can take distance learning courses.
Students can study whenever and wherever they want.
Students also learn skills which are useful for their future jobs.
For example, they learn to write reports using a word processor.
技術(shù)是一個強大的工具，吸引學生。
技術(shù)可以使課程更有趣。
學生可以使用在線資源進行研究。
學生可以按自己的節(jié)奏學習。
成人可以參加遠程學習課程。
學生可以隨時隨地學習。
學生還學習對他們未來工作有用的技能。
例如，他們學習使用字處理器編寫報告。
Technology in Education: Disadvantages
People rely too much on computers.
Young learners do not become proficient in some basic skills.
They use word processors with spell-checkers.
Their handwriting and spelling may suffer.
People should be able to write a letter by hand.
Technology is no substitute for a real teacher.
Learners need a structured course.
An experienced teacher knows what materials to choose.
Computers are expensive to maintain and can be unreliable.
人們過分依賴計算機。
年輕學生不能熟練掌握一些基本技能。
他們使用具有拼寫檢查的文字處理器。
他們的手寫和拼寫可能受損。
人們應該能夠用手寫一封信。
技術(shù)不能替代真正的老師。
學習者需要一個結(jié)構(gòu)化的課程。
有經(jīng)驗的老師知道選擇什么材料。
計算機維護起來很昂貴，并且可能不可靠。
Technology in Education: Opinion
Institutions should supplement traditional teaching with the use of technology.
Technology is part of everyday life.
It can enhance a teacher’s lessons.
Students can use online resources to help with homework.
Students must still learn to write by hand.
They should still use traditional sources of information such as books.
機構(gòu)應該利用技術(shù)來補充傳統(tǒng)教學。
技術(shù)是日常生活的一部分。
它可以增強老師的教訓。
學生可以使用在線資源來幫助家庭作業(yè)。
學生還必須學會用手寫。
他們應該仍然使用傳統(tǒng)的信息來源，如書籍。
Education in Developing Countries: Problems
Children often have to work from an early age.
There are no schools in many areas.
Families do not have access to books or computers.
Literacy rates are often low.
People in developing countries need knowledge and skills.
Education is the key to improving the economy of these countries.
兒童常常要從小就工作。
在許多地區(qū)沒有學校。
家庭無法訪問圖書或計算機。
識字率通常較低。
發(fā)展中國家的人們需要知識和技能。
教育是改善這些國家經(jīng)濟的關(guān)鍵。
Education in Developing Countries: Solutions
Developed countries could help developing nations by providing money.
They could invest in schools and technology.
They could supply the funds to build schools and pay for teachers.
Children need to have access to free schooling.
Computer equipment could be donated.
The Internet can expose students to a world of knowledge and information.
Governments should make education compulsory for all children.
They should encourage parents to send their children to school.
Governments of developed and developing countries must work together.
發(fā)達國家可以通過提供資金來幫助發(fā)展中國家。
他們可以投資學校和技術(shù)。
他們可以提供資金建設(shè)學校和支付教師。
兒童需要獲得免費學校教育。
可以捐贈計算機設(shè)備。
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以使學生接觸知識和信息的世界。
各國政府應對所有兒童實行義務教育。
他們應鼓勵父母送孩子上學。
發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家的政府必須共同努力。
Higher Education: Advantages (also see “Benefits of Education”)
There are many benefits to going to university.
A degree can open the door to better employment prospects.
Economies are becoming increasingly knowledge-based.
Most jobs require specific knowledge and skills.
Skilled workers are needed for sectors such as information technology and engineering.
Repetitive manual jobs are now done by machines.
Many factories have moved to developing countries.
去大學有很多好處。
學位可以打開更好的就業(yè)前景的大門。
經(jīng)濟正變得越來越以知識為基礎(chǔ)。
大多數(shù)工作需要特定的知識和技能。
技術(shù)工人是信息技術(shù)和工程等部門所需要的。
重復手動作業(yè)現(xiàn)在由機器完成。
許多工廠搬到發(fā)展中國家。
Higher Education: Disadvantages
A healthy economy needs a wide range of workers.
Some manual workers will always be needed.
A university degree is not necessary for many service professions.
Practical training is more important in some industries.
In the UK, for example, there is currently a shortage of plumbers.
Their services are therefore becoming more and more expensive.
健康的經(jīng)濟需要廣泛的工人。
將需要一些體力勞動者。
大學學位不需要許多服務行業(yè)。
實踐培訓在一些行業(yè)更重要。
例如，在英國，目前水管工不足。
他們的服務因此變得越來越昂貴。
Advantages of Home-Schooling
Some parents decide to educate their children at home.
Some families live in isolated areas with poor transport.
Other parents are not satisfied with local schools.
Parents can respond to what their children need and how they learn best.
One-to-one lessons allow much faster progress.
The child can work at his or her own pace.
Discipline problems are avoided by home-schooling.
有些家長決定在家里教育孩子。
一些家庭生活在交通不便的偏僻地區(qū)。
其他家長對當?shù)貙W校不滿意。
家長可以回應他們的孩子需要什么，他們?nèi)绾螌W習最好。
一對一的課程可以快得多的進步。
孩子可以按自己的節(jié)奏工作。
家庭教育避免了紀律問題。
Disadvantages of Home-Schooling
Most parents do not have the time to educate their children at home.
One parent would need to give up work.
School subjects are normally taught by up to ten different teachers.
Most parents do not have the necessary knowledge or resources.
Private tutors are expensive.
Children will miss out on the social experience that school offers.
At school, children learn how to get on with each other.
Home-schooled children may lack social skills.
Schools offer a better overall educational experience.
大多數(shù)家長沒有時間在家里教育他們的孩子。
一個家長需要放棄工作。
學校通常由最多十名不同的教師授課。
大多數(shù)家長沒有必要的知識或資源。
私人家庭教師很貴。
孩子們會錯過學校提供的社交體驗。
在學校，孩子們學會如何相處。
家庭教育的孩子可能缺乏社交技能。
學校提供更好的整體教育經(jīng)驗。
Bad Behaviour in Schools: Causes
Bad behaviour is due to a lack of structure and discipline.
There are too many children in some classes.
Large classes are difficult to manage.
Many disruptive students come from an unstable family background.
Other parents are too lenient and spoil their children.
Some children are used to getting whatever they want.
Schools can do very little if they are not supported by parents.
壞的行為是由于缺乏結(jié)構(gòu)和紀律。
有些班級有太多的孩子。
大類很難管理。
許多破壞性的學生來自不穩(wěn)定的家庭背景。
其他父母太寬容，溺愛他們的孩子。
有些孩子習慣于得到任何他們想要的。
學?？梢宰龊苌伲绻麄儧]有父母的支持。
Bad Behaviour in Schools: Solutions
Sch
